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Secondary Data Analysis

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Thinking Clearly About Age, Period, and Cohort Effects

  • Julia M. Rohrer

Abstract

Psychological researchers are interested in how things change over time and routinely make claims about age effects (e.g., personality maturation), cohort effects (e.g., generational differences in narcissism), and sometimes, period effects (e.g., secular ...
Open AccessResearch articleFirst published Jun 5, 2025
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Navigating Unmeasured Confounding in Nonexperimental Psychological Research: A Practical Guide to Computing and Interpreting E-Value

  • Kaiwen Bi
  • Gabriel J. Merrin
  • Tianyu Li
  • Xianlin Sun
  • Yi Chai
  • Zekai Lu
  • Mark Shuquan Chen

Abstract

Randomized experiments remain the “gold standard” for establishing causality, yet ethical and practical constraints in certain fields often require researchers to rely on observational data. Although psychologists recognize that correlation does not imply ...
Open AccessResearch articleFirst published Apr 14, 2025
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Recommendations for Increasing the Transparency of Analysis of Preexisting Data Sets

  • Sara J. Weston
  • Stuart J. Ritchie
  • Julia M. Rohrer
  • Andrew K. Przybylski

Abstract

Secondary data analysis, or the analysis of preexisting data, provides a powerful tool for the resourceful psychological scientist. Never has this been more true than now, when technological advances enable both sharing data across labs and continents and ...
Open AccessResearch articleFirst published Jun 11, 2019
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Enabling Confirmatory Secondary Data Analysis by Logging Data Checkout

  • Kimberly M. Scott
  • Melissa Kline

Abstract

As more researchers make their data sets openly available, the potential of secondary data analysis to address new questions increases. However, the distinction between primary and secondary data analysis is unnecessarily confounded with the distinction ...
Free accessResearch articleFirst published Jan 7, 2019
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