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Special Issue Article 2025: Summary reviews from the Symposium in Honor of Dr. "Les" Lee

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Editorial

  • Daniel J Inman
Free accessEditorialFirst published Jul 24, 2025
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All-carbon fibre structural battery composites

  • Leif E. Asp
  • Richa Chaudhary

Abstract

Structural batteries refer to multifunctional composite materials capable of storing and delivering electrical energy while carrying mechanical loads. One of the most promising structural battery concepts demonstrated to date utilises carbon fibres in ...
Available accessResearch articleFirst published Feb 23, 2025
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Stimuli-responsive biomimetic membranes inspired by nature’s first multifunctional composite material

  • Essraa A. Hussein
  • Stephen A. Sarles

Abstract

Cellular membranes, nature’s original multifunctional composite material, play key roles in sensing, actuation, energy storage and conversion, communication, and even computing in living creatures. These capabilities stem from their fluid architectures ...
Available accessReview articleFirst published Mar 12, 2025
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A retrospective on the inception and development of structural power composites

  • Emile S Greenhalgh
  • Sang Nguyen

Abstract

This paper sets out the motivation for structural power composites: structural materials imbued with the capability to store and deliver electrical energy. The conception and development of structural supercapacitors at Imperial College London is ...
Open AccessReview articleFirst published Mar 20, 2025
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In-space manufacturing of thermoset composite structures: A short review

  • Md Atikur Rahman
  • Jeffery W. Baur

Abstract

In-space manufacturing (ISM) enables on-demand fabrication of large space structures that exceed current launch payload volume. While past research has focused on additive manufacturing of thermoplastics and their composites, fiber-reinforced thermoset ...
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published Jun 13, 2025
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Fluid-based reservoir computing for distributed signal processing

  • Timothy Vincent
  • Alex Pankonien

Abstract

Physical Reservoir Computing (RC) leverages the interactions of a physical medium to efficiently accomplish the tasks of an artificial neural network with substantially reduced training cost. In this work, a subset of physical reservoirs focused on fluid-...
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published Jul 8, 2025
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Mechanical neural networks: An overview of self-learning metamaterials

  • Jonathan B Hopkins

Abstract

This work provides an overview of the progress made in the emerging field of mechanical neural networks (MNNs). Inspired by the mathematical layout of artificial neural networks (ANNs), MNNs consist of a physical network of tunable beams that learn the ...
Open AccessReview articleFirst published Jun 13, 2025
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Multimaterial additive manufacturing through grayscale digital light processing 3D printing

  • Farzad Gholami
  • H. Jerry Qi

Abstract

Grayscale digital light processing (g-DLP) has emerged as a significant advancement in multimaterial additive manufacturing, providing high precision and versatility in the fabrication of complex, multifunctional structures. By modulating ultraviolet (UV) ...
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published Jun 13, 2025
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Current efforts and future opportunities of bone-inspired intelligent materials that can sense mechanical loading and adapt

  • EunHyuk Kho
  • Sung Hoon Kang

Abstract

Most materials have fixed properties. However, the environment to which these materials are exposed continuously changes, and as a result, the stimuli applied to the materials also vary dynamically. Unfortunately, most materials cannot adapt to these ...
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published Jun 13, 2025
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Influence of microstructure on the mechanical and electrochemical response of multifunctional energy storage systems

  • Dimitris C Lagoudas
  • Tianyang Zhou

Abstract

Multifunctional energy storage material systems, such as structural supercapacitors and batteries, simultaneously store electrical energy and carry mechanical loads. They hold great promise for expanding the functionality of structural members and the ...
Open AccessReview articleFirst published Jul 8, 2025
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Materials design approaches for concurrent multifunctionality at the atomic scale

  • Ajit K Roy

Abstract

Atomic scale materials design approaches for electrical, thermal, and mechanical strength for CNT-based nanoporous materials are presented. Phenomena of electron orbitals, phonon density of state (DOS), and defect-induced local strain field respectively ...
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published Sep 14, 2025
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Modeling complexity in multifunctional materials

  • Basanta Pahari
  • William Oates

Abstract

Multifunctional materials exhibit field-coupled properties that often manifest as nonlinear macroscale behavior given their complex multi-particle interactions. The rules governing how relatively simple atomic interactions lead to macroscale complexity ...
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published Jun 14, 2025
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Mechanochromic polymers based on supramolecular mechanophores

  • Christoph Weder

Abstract

Mechanochromic polymers respond to mechanical forces with a change in color or luminescence and are potentially useful for applications that range from soft robotics to damage-sensing. Mechanochromic responses also permit the investigation of defect ...
Open AccessReview articleFirst published Jun 30, 2025
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Exploring non-Hermitian wave dynamics in odd elastic metamaterials

  • Shaoyun Wang
  • Guoliang Huang

Abstract

Odd elastic metamaterials, enabled by nonreciprocal couplings implemented through active elements, break conventional symmetry constraints in density and elasticity tensors, giving rise to unconventional wave dynamics. These materials exhibit unique ...
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published Jun 30, 2025
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Full-field strain measurements at the nanoscale

  • Ioannis Chasiotis
  • Sunho Lee

Abstract

A summary of advances in nanomechanical characterization of materials by utilizing high-spatial resolution Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for full-field strain measurements is presented along with perspectives for fast and accurate AFM imaging for ...
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published Jun 28, 2025
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Integrated damage sensing and self-healing in polymers and composites: Progress and opportunities

  • William H Martin
  • Jack S Turicek
  • Jason F Patrick

Abstract

Biological materials self-regulate throughout their lifetime, controlling cellular proliferation and mitigating damage for greater longevity through a coordinated effort of sensing and self-repair. In contrast, synthetic materials generally serve a ...
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published Aug 8, 2025
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Synstor circuits for real-time adaptive intelligent systems

  • Yong Chen

Abstract

The foundation of current AI systems lies in computers that implement learning and inference procedures sequentially, resulting in learning latency, elevated power consumption, and diminished adapbility to unforeseen environmental changes. We overcome ...
Open AccessReview articleFirst published Jul 20, 2025
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From nanoscale nanocomposite dissipation to macroscale locally resonant metamaterials for wave cloaking

  • Walter Lacarbonara
  • Gulia Lanzara

Abstract

We investigate two strategies for enhancing energy dissipation in dynamically loaded materials: nanoscale interfacial mechanisms in CNT-reinforced nanocomposites and nonlinear local resonators in architected metamaterials. Using recent experimental and ...
Restricted accessReview articleFirst published Aug 22, 2025
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